30 Free Test Bank for Organizational Behavior 14th Edition by Newstrom 

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_____ is the process of gathering and interpreting relevant evidence that will either support a behavioral theory or help change it.

•  A) Selective perception
•  B) Documentation
•  C) Research
•  D) Testing

Which of the following statements is a fundamental element of the systems approach to organizational behavior?

•  A) Systems generally require inputs and produce outputs.
•  B) Systems produce both intended and unintended consequences.
•  C) The consequences of systems should be examined on both a short-term and long-term basis.
•  D) All of the above.

The potential for human performance has to be combined with _____ and opportunity to get organizational results.

•  A) resources
•  B) behavior
•  C) ability
•  D) perception

Which of the following concepts implies that for any situation there is an optimum amount of a desirable practice, such as recognition or participation?

•  A) Focalism
•  B) Behavioral bias
•  C) The law of diminishing returns
•  D) The law of individual differences

The _____ toward organizational behavior means that different situations require different behavioral practices for greatest effectiveness.

•  A) human resources approach
•  B) contingency approach
•  C) results-oriented approach
•  D) systems approach

Organizations need people, and people need organizations. This relationship is formed and maintained on the basis of some _____ among the participants.

•  A) selective perceptions
•  B) individual differences
•  C) mutuality of interest
•  D) behavioral biases

_____ asks managers to set aside some of the things they think they know and become totally committed to a rigorous collection of facts and combine these with relevant research.

•  A) Evidence-based management
•  B) Selective perception
•  C) Law of individual differences
•  D) Cost-benefit analysis

The two basic ways for management to motivate people include:

•  A) showing how certain actions will increase their need fulfillment.
•  B) threatening decreased need fulfillment if they follow an undesirable course of action.
•  C) ensuring needs are being fulfilled regardless of organizational constraints.
•  D) A and B only.

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental element of the systems approach to organizational behavior?

•  A) The parts of a system are independent of each other.
•  B) There are many subsystems contained within larger systems.
•  C) Systems may produce both positive and negative results.
•  D) The consequences of systems should be examined on both a short-term and long-term basis.

Holistic organizational behavior interprets people-organizational relationships in terms of the _____.

•  A) whole person
•  B) whole group
•  C) whole social system
•  D) all of the above

Which of the following concepts regarding the nature of people deals with people’s unique ways of seeing and interpreting things around them?

•  A) Acculturation
•  B) Motivated behavior
•  C) Desire for involvement
•  D) Perception

_____ means that people tend to pay attention to those features of their work environment that are consistent with or reinforce their own expectations.

•  A) Selective perception
•  B) Bandwagon effect
•  C) Subjective validation
•  D) Behavioral bias

Which of the following statements is true of the external environment?

•  A) It provides competition for resources and power.
•  B) It influences the attitudes of people.
•  C) It affects working conditions.
•  D) All of the above.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about good theories?

•  A) They contribute to individuals’ understanding of organizational behavior.
•  B) They seldom identify variables.
•  C) They provide guidelines for managerial action.
•  D) They address significant behavioral issues.

Knowledge × skill = _____.

•  A) ability
•  B) motivation
•  C) potential human performance
•  D) organizational results

A cost-benefit analysis:

•  A) determines whether potential actions will have a net positive or net negative effect.
•  B) forces managers to merely look at the immediate implications of their actions.
•  C) is done to arrive at a point where costs and revenues become equal.
•  D) is a statistical process that helps determine relationships among several variables.

Which of the following limitations of organizational behavior states that concern for employees can be so greatly overdone that the original purpose of bringing people together—productive organizational outputs for society—is lost?

•  A) Behavioral targeting
•  B) Behavioral bias
•  C) Law of diminishing returns
•  D) Law of individual differences

The interaction of motivation and ability determines a person’s _____ in any activity.

•  A) knowledge
•  B) skill
•  C) potential performance
•  D) all of the above

_____ defines the formal relationship and use of people in organizations.

•  A) Scheme
•  B) Structure
•  C) Hierarchy
•  D) Both A and C

According to the _____, all parts of an organization interact in a complex relationship.

•  A) systems approach
•  B) results-oriented approach
•  C) human resources approach
•  D) contingency approach

When organizations _____, stress and conflict increase.

•  A) stagnate
•  B) decline
•  C) have their survival threatened
•  D) all of the above

Theory and research form a natural foundation for _____, which is the conscious application of conceptual models and research results in order to improve individual and organizational performance at work.

•  A) speculation
•  B) morale
•  C) attitude
•  D) practice

_____ helps us better understand how the major ideas in organizational behavior evolved over time.

•  A) Selective perception
•  B) Research
•  C) Practice
•  D) None of the above